First time building a flipper robot

[maddox10]

10 bar is Low pressure.
Most commercial pneumatics are most happy @6 to 8 bar.

Some brands have a line of higher pressure equipment, and those are set at 16 bar max.

Anything over 16 bar is seen as high pressure.
Full pressure means unregulated CO2, or 1000psi compressed air. (don't know a machine that is using that atm)

Freezing is the result of using CO2. It's 3/4 liquid in a full tank, and it needs heat to evaporate. This cools everything down, lowering the pressure CO2 needs to be liquid (55bar @20°C, dropping to 0 bar @-79°C).
This fact, combined with the inability of commercial pneumatics to cope with liquid or cryogenic temperatures makes a system "freeze".
Several ways are used to combat this. Main thing is to avoid liquid CO2 entering the setup.
Syphon tubes, orientation of the bottle, buffertanks, heatsinks and so on.
Some machines cope fine, others struggle.

Force of a ram.

Most rams are round (better for pressure reasons and easier to make). Like Gary writes, surface*pressure = force.
Radius*radius*Pi is the surface of the piston. Bar = 1 kg per cm²

Example. 50mm bore ram. 2.5*2.5*pi*10=193 kg of force.

[Danny B]

How much force at the end of the arm do you think would be enough to be competitive amongst other feathers? I'm not trying to set records, I'd just like enough power to turn someone over.